Elastic-fluid turbine.



S. Z. DE FERRANTI.

ELASTIC FLUID TURBINE.

APPLIOATION FILED AUG. 9, 1901.

907,981 Patented Dec. 29, 1908.

UNITED STATES P \TE N T O l lil GE.

SEBASTIAN ZlANI DE FERRAXTI, OF QRINDLEFORD, I JN LANI).

ELASTIC-FLUID TURBINE.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, Snnasrms Zmm or, FEnnAN'rI, a subject of the King of (treat Britain and Ireland, and residing at (irindloford, in the county of Derby, England, (late of 3! Lyndhurst road, -Hampstead, London, N. W., England) have invented certain new and useful Im rocurrents in and Relating to Elastic-Fluid urbincs, of which the followinyilis a specification.

j Y invention relates to elastic fluid ,t-urblues, using either gas or steam and isiapplicable with especial advantage to turbines using superheated working fluid such as I have described in my U. S. Patent No. 892,818.

In dealing with the turbines referred to it is found that owing to the greater amount of energy in the high temperature fluid, a larger number of rows of blades is required to convert it usefully than in aturbinc using saturated steam at the same pressure.

The primary object of the present invention is to rovide a turbine which will eiliciently uti we a working fluid containing; a large amount ofenergy and which can at the same time be of moderate length and of s eeds as slow as and in some cases slower cally coalesce into a continuous jet, thus 4o an those now used in saturated steam turbines. In. order to secure these results either in turbines of the type referred to above or in turbines of any other type to which my invention is applicable, I adopt blade sections having very fine edges and I proportion these blades and arrange them among themseh es in a manner to be hereinafter described so that the jets issuing from between adjacent blades coalesce or practireducing, eddy-making spaces to a minimum. In some cases I employ my improted blading in conjunction with blading of the Parsons reaction type in which a drop .of

pressure occurs, so as to extract larger amounts of energy per pair of moving and fired blades than has heretofore been possi- In order to secure the continuous 'et referred to above in the case of impulse blades I find that the cross sectional area of the path between adjacent blades should be substantially constant and this owing to the changeof shape of the inter-blade area necessitates-a diil'erence of pressure to obtain the flow through the blades, to maintain Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed August 9. 1907.

Patented D ec. 29, 1908.

Serial No. 387.915.

' which difference some .torrri of packing'iis necessary.

l will now describe certain specific/forms.

of my intention, referring. for thispurpose Figure I shows a preferred form of blading: according to my invention, Fig. 2 -lieinga section on the line A B of Fig. 1;,fEig.---3

show sueh working details as are common knowledge to those skilled in the art.

According to one modification of my invention, I employ blades, (1, (see Fig. '1) individually of symmetrical cross section and I arrange these blades so that their axes of symmetry, D, make an angle as shown result of this arrangement is that the breadth, b, of the nterblade inlet is greater to Fig. 1,.te entry being straig t aybe looked upon as struck with a radius of mfi nitc length while succeeding small arcs are struck from centers, 2, 3, 4, etc, with radjj decreasing to a minimum atthc center.

To obtain the best results I find that the shows a view of a turbine in which'the with their plane of rotation, E F. The

to the accompanying d-ranings, of whit-b r conventional nature and are not intended'to cross sectional area of the inter-blade paths should be maintained substantially 0011- stant and in order to secure this result I shown in Fig. 2.

The inter-blade passages, d, narrowing towards the outlet thus correspond to the cross section naturally assumed by the fluid as it piles up against the concave blade face on account of the action of centrifu al force and the inter-blade passages run Eu 1 to the outlet itself without the formation, of dead spaces; owin to the straight thin edges of tie lade, a scent jets in this way coalesce ar ,he jet 0 fluid issuing from between the b ales is continuous.

lengthen the blade from inlet to outlet as low In Figs. 3 and 4 a specific application of my invention is shown to the case of a.

turbine having rat fies of rogressively vary ing character. us, t e high pressure stage, X, is formed of alternate rows of fixed Parsons blading, f, having fine edges to coalesce adjacent ets, and similar movable bladin h; the middle st e Y, is provided with a ternate rows of fixe l arsons blading, '41, having fine edges and movable blading, of my im roved type while the low ressure e Z, libs one row of Parsons bla ing, m, wit fine edges alternating with a lurality of rows n, of m improved ,bladmg. As stated above to o tain the best results both impulse and Parsons bladin should be packed, as shown for examp e in Fig. 4, Where the brush-like packing, 0, described in my U. S. Patent specification, N 0. 885032, is applied to the blade ends; in the case of the impulse blades a difference of pressure is thus maintained to cause a flow of fluid through the inter-blade passages.

It will be evident that many other applications of my invention may be made, Figs, 3 and 4 showing merely one example of the use of my improved blading applied to a turbine the stages of which progressively llaving now described my invention what ,I claim as new and desire to secure by LettersPatent is: i 1. In combination in a. turbine, a series edge portions as seen in cross section soaeei of impulse blades individually of symmetrical cross section, said-blades being angled to give a fluid inlet broader than the corresponding outlet and each'having uniform t in straight edge portions as seen in cross section to coalesce adjacent blades together with fluid packings forsaid blades.

2. In combination in a turbine, a series of impulse blades individually of symmetrical cross section, said blades each lengthening from inlet to outlet-and being a led to ive a fluid outlet narrower than the inlet an said blades each having thin straigfit t e effect of such disposition and form of blades being to coalesce adjacent jets issuin therefrom together with fluid packings or. said blades to maintain a difference of pressure across them.

3. A turbine installation having in combination a high pressure portion having blading of the reaction (Parsons) type; an

intermediate portion having alternate rows of velocity-generating and impulse blades and a low ressure portionbeing alternately one row 0 velocit -generating blades and a lurality of impu se blades.

n testimony whereof, I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

ssaismn zurl DE FERRAN'II. Witnesses:

ALBERT HALL, W. D. DAVIDSON. 

